Permission Read All Account Review Depends on Permission
App permissions help support user privacy by protecting access to the following:
- Restricted data, such as organization country and a user's contact information.
- Restricted actions, such as connecting to a paired device and recording audio.
This page provides an overview to how Android permissions work, including a high-level workflow for using permissions, descriptions of dissimilar types of permissions, and some all-time practices for using permissions in your app. Other pages explain how to evaluate whether your app needs to request permissions, declare permissions, asking runtime permissions, and restrict how other apps can interact with your app's components.
To view a consummate list of Android app permissions, visit the permissions API reference folio.
To view some sample apps that demonstrate the permissions workflow, visit the Android permissions samples repository on GitHub.
Workflow for using permissions
If your app offers functionality that might require admission to restricted data or restricted deportment, decide whether y'all tin can get the data or perform the actions without needing to declare permissions. You can fulfill many use cases in your app, such every bit taking photos, pausing media playback, and displaying relevant ads, without needing to declare any permissions.
If you make up one's mind that your app must access restricted data or perform restricted actions to fulfill a utilize case, declare the appropriate permissions. Some permissions, known equally install-time permissions, are automatically granted when your app is installed. Other permissions, known as runtime permissions, crave your app to go a step further and request the permission at runtime.
Effigy i illustrates the workflow for using app permissions:
Types of permissions
Android categorizes permissions into different types, including install-time permissions, runtime permissions, and special permissions. Each permission'southward type indicates the scope of restricted information that your app can admission, and the scope of restricted actions that your app tin can perform, when the system grants your app that permission.
Install-time permissions
Install-time permissions give your app limited access to restricted information, and they allow your app to perform restricted actions that minimally bear upon the system or other apps. When you lot declare install-time permissions in your app, the organisation automatically grants your app the permissions when the user installs your app. An app shop presents an install-time permission find to the user when they view an app'southward details page, equally shown in Effigy 2.
Android includes several sub-types of install-time permissions, including normal permissions and signature permissions.
Normal permissions
These permissions permit admission to data and actions that extend beyond your app'south sandbox. However, the data and actions present very little adventure to the user'southward privacy, and the functioning of other apps.
The system assigns the "normal" protection level to normal permissions, as shown on the permissions API reference folio.
Signature permissions
If the app declares a signature permission that another app has defined, and if the two apps are signed past the aforementioned certificate, and so the system grants the permission to the commencement app at install fourth dimension. Otherwise, that starting time app cannot be granted the permission.
The system assigns the "signature" protection level to signature permissions, as shown on the permissions API reference page.
Runtime permissions
Runtime permissions, likewise known as dangerous permissions, give your app additional access to restricted data, and they allow your app to perform restricted deportment that more than substantially bear upon the system and other apps. Therefore, you need to request runtime permissions in your app before y'all can access the restricted information or perform restricted actions. When your app requests a runtime permission, the system presents a runtime permission prompt, as shown in Figure 3.
Many runtime permissions access private user data, a special blazon of restricted data that includes potentially sensitive data. Examples of private user data include location and contact information.
The microphone and camera provide access to especially sensitive data. Therefore, the system helps you explain why your app accesses this information.
The system assigns the "dangerous" protection level to runtime permissions, every bit shown on the permissions API reference page.
Special permissions
Special permissions correspond to item app operations. Only the platform and OEMs tin define special permissions. Additionally, the platform and OEMs usually define special permissions when they want to protect access to specially powerful actions, such equally drawing over other apps.
The Special app access folio in arrangement settings contains a set of user-toggleable operations. Many of these operations are implemented as special permissions.
Each special permission has its own implementation details. The instructions for using each special permission announced on the permissions API reference page. The system assigns the "appop" protection level to special permissions.
Best practices
App permissions build upon system security features and assistance Android support the following goals related to user privacy:
- Control: The user has control over the data that they share with apps.
- Transparency: The user understands what data an app uses, and why the app accesses this information.
- Data minimization: An app accesses and uses only the information that's required for a specific task or action that the user invokes.
This section presents a set of core best practices for using permissions effectively in your app. For more details on how you can piece of work with permissions on Android, visit the app permissions best practices page.
Asking a minimal number of permissions
When the user requests a particular action in your app, your app should asking just the permissions that it needs to complete that action. Depending on how you are using the permissions, there might be an alternative way to fulfill your app'due south use case without relying on access to sensitive information.
Acquaintance runtime permissions with specific actions
Request permissions equally late into the flow of your app's apply cases every bit possible. For example, if your app allows users to send audio messages to others, look until the user has navigated to the messaging screen and has pressed the Send audio message button. Afterwards the user presses the button, your app can then request access to the microphone.
Consider your app's dependencies
When you include a library, you besides inherit its permission requirements. Be aware of the permissions that each dependency requires, and what those permissions are used for.
Be transparent
When you make a permissions asking, exist clear about what you're accessing, and why, so users tin make informed decisions.
Make system accesses explicit
When you access sensitive data or hardware, such as the camera or microphone, provide a continuous indication in your app if the organization doesn't already provide these indicators. This reminder helps users understand exactly when your app accesses restricted data or performs restricted deportment.
Permissions in system components
Permissions aren't only for requesting organisation functionality. Your app'due south organisation components can restrict which other apps tin interact with your app, every bit described on the page nigh how to restrict interactions with other apps.
Boosted resources
To learn more than virtually app permissions on Android, consult the following additional resources:
Samples
- Android Permissions Samples Repository on GitHub
Source: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview
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